Chifukwa chiyani bawuti idasweka?

Popanga mafakitale athu, mabawuti nthawi zambiri amasweka, ndiye chifukwa chiyani mabawuti amathyoka? Masiku ano, ikuwunikidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mbali zinayi.

M’malo mwake, kuthyoka kwa mabawuti ambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kumasuka, ndipo amasweka chifukwa cha kumasuka. Chifukwa mkhalidwe wa bolt kumasula ndi kusweka ndi pafupifupi mofanana ndi kutopa fracture, pamapeto pake, ife nthawi zonse titha kupeza chifukwa kuchokera kutopa mphamvu. Ndipotu, mphamvu ya kutopa ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti sitingathe kulingalira, ndipo mabawuti safuna mphamvu ya kutopa panthawi yomwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Choyamba, kusweka kwa bawuti sikutheka chifukwa cha kulimba kwa bawuti:

Tengani bawuti yamphamvu kwambiri ya M20 × 80 giredi 8.8 monga chitsanzo. Kulemera kwake ndi 0.2kg yokha, pomwe katundu wake wocheperako ndi 20t, womwe ndi wotalika kuchulukitsa 100,000 kulemera kwake komwe. Nthawi zambiri, timangogwiritsa ntchito kumangiriza magawo a 20kg ndikungogwiritsa ntchito chikwi chimodzi cha mphamvu zake zazikulu. Ngakhale pansi pa zochita za mphamvu zina mu zipangizo, n'zosatheka kuthyola chikwi cha kulemera kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, kotero mphamvu yolimba ya cholumikizira ulusi ndi yokwanira, ndipo n'zosatheka kuti bolt iwonongeke chifukwa cha mphamvu zosakwanira.

Chachiwiri, kuthyoka kwa bawusi sikuli chifukwa cha kutopa kwa bawuti:

Chomangiracho chingathe kumasulidwa ka 100 kokha poyesera kumasula kugwedezeka, koma chiyenera kugwedezeka mobwerezabwereza miliyoni imodzi poyesera mphamvu za kutopa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chomangira cha ulusi chimamasula pamene chimagwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a mphamvu zake zotopa, ndipo timangogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a mphamvu zake zazikulu, kotero kumasula kwa chomangira cha ulusi sikuli chifukwa cha kutopa kwa bolt.

Chachitatu, chifukwa chenicheni chakuwonongeka kwa zomangira za ulusi ndi kumasuka:

Chomangiracho chikamasulidwa, mphamvu yayikulu ya kinetic mv2 imapangidwa, yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji chomangira ndi zida, ndikupangitsa kuti chomangiracho chiwonongeke. Chomangiracho chikawonongeka, zida sizingagwire ntchito moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida ziwonongeke.

Ulusi wopota wa chomangira womwe umayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya axial umawonongeka ndipo bawuti imachotsedwa.

Kwa zomangira zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya radial, bolt imamengedwa ndipo bowolo ndi lozungulira.

Chachinayi, sankhani njira yotsekera ulusi yokhala ndi zotsekera zabwino kwambiri ndiye chofunikira kwambiri kuthetsa vutoli:

Tengani nyundo ya hydraulic mwachitsanzo. Kulemera kwa nyundo ya hydraulic ya GT80 ndi matani 1.663, ndipo mabawuti ake am'mbali ndi ma seti 7 a mabawuti a M42 a kalasi 10.9. Mphamvu yolimba ya bawuti iliyonse ndi matani 110, ndipo mphamvu yowongoleredwa imawerengedwa ngati theka la mphamvu yamphamvu, ndipo mphamvu yowongoleredwa imakhala yotalika mpaka matani mazana atatu kapena anayi. Komabe, bawutiyo idzasweka, ndipo tsopano yakonzeka kusinthidwa kukhala bawuti ya M48. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti kutseka kwa bawuti sikungathe kuthetsa.

Bawuti ikasweka, anthu amatha kuganiza kuti mphamvu zake sizokwanira, motero ambiri amatengera njira yowonjezera mphamvu ya bawuti awiri. Njirayi ikhoza kuonjezera mphamvu yolimba ya ma bolts, ndipo mphamvu yake yolimbana nayo yawonjezeka. Zoonadi, zotsutsana ndi kumasula zingathenso kusintha. Komabe, njira iyi kwenikweni si njira yaukadaulo, yokhala ndi ndalama zambiri komanso phindu lochepa.

Mwachidule, bawuti ndi: “Ngati sumasula, imasweka.”